Almost every astronomical observation must account for the passage of light through the interstellar medium (ISM); the gas and dust between the stars. Furthermore, understanding the ISM is of fundamental importance for understanding the origin of stars and the evolution of galaxies. The environments are extreme: temperatures range from the very hot, >106K, to the very cold, <10K. Observed densities span an even wider dynamic range, from <10-3 to >106 particles per cubic centimeter. Even the highest densities, however, are more rarefied than the best vacuums currently attainable on Earth and thus the ISM allows us to explore physical processes in unique environments. This course will cover observations and theories of the ISM from pervasive diffuse ionized gas to collapsing cores in molecular clouds, with a diversion into planet-forming disks (the circumstellar medium). We will discuss applications in current (ALMA and JWST) research based on studies in the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the high-redshift Universe.   I have studied various aspects of the ISM for over 35 years now, from studies of extragalactic HI as an REU student at Arecibo, to thesis work on molecular clouds at UC Berkeley, then star-forming cores as a postdoc at CfA and NRAO, and I now focus mainly on planet-forming disks. I recently wrote a book on the ISM based on my research experience and many years of teaching. This book is a required text for the class and I will give a copy to those who registered to take the class for credit before the start of the semester.   The book is available in digital form (pdf) through Hamilton library with your UH access. else you can obtain it at Cambridge University Press and amazon. Figures and code on github.

One of the best ways to learn is by doing. There will be a problem set approximately every two weeks. Many of these will involve analysis of real data. You can use any programming language for this but I recommend python as you will almost certainly need to know it as you progress toward a PhD. If you are new to scientific computing and/or python, there are many online resources that I will point out and we will have collaborative hackathons as necessary so I and your classmates can share advice on how to tackle common issues in the problem sets.

Another great way to learn is to teach. Each of you will give a mini-lecture (15 minutes) during the latter half ot the course. See below (Class Presentation) for more details.

The final is an open book, rapid-fire, (very) short answer set of 50 questions to be answered in one hour. It is designed to test your intuition and broad knowledge of physical concepts discussed during the course.

Your grade will be a weighted sum of the above: 60% for homework (10% for each of 6 problem sets); 15% for the in class presentation; and 25% on the final exam. As a three credit core course, your out-of-class workload should average about 6 hours per week.